Biodiversity is also an important part of ecological services that make life livable on Earth. Tech. o antigenic immune system These non-native species thrive in their new habitat, often destroying native species in the process.Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis), for instance, were accidentally brought into Guam, an island in the South Pacific, in the 1950s. Sci Total Environ 709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136060, Lioubimtseva E, Henebry GM (2009) Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia: Impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations. Given the multitude of environmental challenges the Aral Sea region countries are facing, sustainable and cost-efficient approaches are needed to secure the well-being of the local population and environmental resilience. J Oceanol Limnol 36:20612084. (Schlter, et al., 2013), some of the wetlands in the Aral Sea region are being maintained using drainage water. The fields, forests, andwetlands where wild plants and animals live are disappearing. Nature-based AND solutions AND terrestrial, Nature-based solutions AND protected area, Nature-based AND solutions AND Central Asia. You cannot download interactives. They also provide food, shade, construction material, medicines, andfiberfor clothing and paper. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SA. Warmer ocean temperatures damagefragileecosystems such as coral reefs. The term nature-based solutions is relatively new, hence more evidence-based documentation of success stories around the world is needed to validate both cost-efficiency and long-term applicability of these practices, especially in those regions with newly formed ecosystems like the Aralkum. D. Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant., Which of the following examples illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity? Correspondence to The Southeastern United States has a high concentration of freshwater mussels, those humble mollusks that help keep streams and rivers clean by filtering water. Also, wetlands in drylands are considered crucial for regional biodiversity (Williams, 1999), and the vital importance of wetlands and ecosystem services they provide in dry areas such as the Aral Sea region cannot be neglected. The Texas Hill Country region southwest of Austin, growing fast and with little protected land, is one example. Saigachiy complex (landscape) nature reserveFootnote 4 total area; 6283km2, year of designation: 2016. Pollution, climate change, and population growth are all threats to biodiversity. Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3275, ILRI, I (2021) UNEP and ILC. (2020a) https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5091575, Di Sacco A, Hardwick KA, Blakesley D, Brancalion PH, Breman E, Cecilio Rebola L, Antonelli A (2021) Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. J Mar Syst 76:359366. Hence, these examples do not fully satisfy NbS definition framed by the IUCN, which stipulates provision of societal benefits as a result of NbS approaches. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15645, CBD-UNDP (2021). It can be studied on many levels. Biodiversity is extremely important to people and the health of ecosystems. The only species that currently survives in what is known as the southern Aral Sea in Uzbekistan is brine shrimp (Artemia). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-018-8189-z, Article Curr Opin Environ Sustain 45:4955. The final set of publications was analysed thematically as they were grouped into dryland ecosystem types (i.e., rangelands/grasslands, heathland, desert, wetlands) according to the search keywords used. Coral reefs are believed by many to have the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem on the planeteven more than a tropical rainforest. Scientists and communities are making a special effort to preserve biodiversity in these regions.Biodiversity can also refer to the variety ofecosystemscommunities of living things and their environments. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. As in the case above, the search results covered both English and Russian languages. 2006, Hooper et al. W - low niche diversity and warm water temperatures. The draft of the manuscript was written by SA, and JWB, a co-author, commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Drylands cover over 45% of the global terrestrial area, and are home to nearly one-third of the global human population, 90% of which reside in developing countries (UNCCD, 2017), (IUCN, 2017), (Prvlie, 2016). California has the most imperiled biodiversity of any state in the contiguous United States. All sources of publications were considered in the review. Wetlands were included as a search term to ensure we captured those that are nested into larger dryland landscapes, including the following inland water bodies: lakes, ponds, and ephemeral wetlands. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Over the history of the planet, most of the species that ever existed evolved and then gradually went extinct. They include everything from cleaning water and absorbing chemicals, which wetlands do, to providing oxygen for us to breatheone of the many things that plants do for people. Comparing and Graphing Nine Environmental Threats, Researchers Find Unexpected Evils, Popular Science Based on the focussed case study literature review we conducted, we now focus on discussing four of the above-mentioned major nature-based solutions, which are relevant to the Uzbek part of the Aral Sea region. Many species have gone extinct. Private landowners may be reluctant to report them or allow surveys for fear of the restrictions that could follow if they are found. 3). You can play a part in protecting the biodiversity of your local community by creating a Certified Wildlife Habitat. A Certified Wildlife Habitat provides food, shelter, water, and a place for native wildlife to raise youngthe essential elements of habitat that wildlife need to survive. Overall, in our view, the most common possible issues of NbS application in the Aral Sea basin requiring further in-depth research are the following: Resilience of afforested areas to weather changes, temperature fluctuations, water availability and their long-term sustainability. However, temperatures above warm will affect biodiversity as oxygen is less soluble in hot waters and some species do not survive in this condition. However, it is crucial to mention that the success of NbS and the long-term effectiveness of their socio-economic benefits highly depend on the environmental awareness (Gmez Martn, Mez Costa, Egerer, & Schneider, 2021), and thus perception and understanding of NbS and their potential benefits. Considering that climate change in the Aral Sea region is increasingly acute, the newly afforested areas need to be monitored for survivability in the absence of management (for instance, impact of water shortage, possible illegal logging, temperature fluctuations and so on) in the coming decades. rep., Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme of the Secretariat and the Global Mechanism of the UNCCD. The forest ecosystem survived because other kinds of trees also grew there.Biodiversity is important to people in many ways. With higher levels of biodiversity, ecosystems are more likely to recover after a . Current research is funded by Darwin Initiatives Resurrection Island: enterprise, conservation and development around the Aral Sea project (project number 28-003). The governments of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan have been undertaking large-scale afforestation activities on the dried-out Aral Seabed over the past several decadesFootnote 1 to mitigate the impacts of frequent dust storms both on the population and the environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::AID-AQC383>3.0.CO;2-C. Yang Y, Yuanyue P, Xiang Y, Zhijie T, Lingxiao S, Disse M, Ruide Y (2019) Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years. list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. What is an ecosystem? It enjoys a high level of biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177788.021, Carroll C, Ray JC (2021) Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change. A new resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan was adopted (effective of 19 January 2022) to increase forest plantations on the Aral Seabed. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001608. Parks 27:712. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Besides, wetlands perform multiple other ecosystem services such as disaster risk reduction (e.g., they can function as fire breaks), enhancement of food security, and biodiversity conservation (Belle, Collins, & Jordaan, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2001.0013, Roberts CM, OLeary BC, Hawkins JP (2020) Climate change mitigation and nature conservation both require higher protected area targets. Australia is one of 17 megadiverse countries globally, with many plants, animals and ecosystems found nowhere . The results from both publication databases were downloaded in a BibTex format, sorted into eighteen subject-specific databases corresponding to keywords used in JabRef reference manager software, then merged to cross-check for duplicates, and further content analysis was carried out. Scientists have discovered manychemicals in rainforest plants that are now used in helpfuldrugs. In the marine protected area around AustraliasGreat Barrier Reef, no-fishing zones have helped fish populationsthrive. This single pixel includes seven species, such as Cockerell's bumble bee, White Mountain false pennyroyal and Sacramento Mountains thistle. Some areas in the world, such as areas of Mexico, South Africa, Brazil, the southwestern United States, and Madagascar, have more biodiversity than others. (2020b) https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5123920, Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on additional measures related to the organization of protected areas on forestlands. (2022, April 20). All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Which ecosystem has the highest biodiversity? Biodiversity can include everything from towering redwood trees to tiny, single-cellalgaethat are impossible to see without a microscope.Kinds of BiodiversityA common way to measure biodiversity is to count the total number of species living within a particular area.Tropicalregions, areas that are warm year-round, have the most biodiversity.Temperateregions, which have warm summers and cold winters, have less biodiversity. For Sci Technol 16:2631. The white ferula mushroom, adelicacythat only grows on the Italian island of Sicily, helps decompose organic compounds such as plants. As biodiversity decreases, these systems break down.Hundreds of industries rely on plant biodiversity.Agriculture, construction, medical andpharmaceutical, fashion, tourism, andhospitalityall depend on plants for their success. Sustainability and cost-effectiveness of wetlands restoration in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan. Its sometimes assumed that wildlife in national forests is automatically protected. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2018.1496187, Mills AJ, Tan D, Manji AK, Vijitpan T, Henriette E, Murugaiyan P, Lister J (2020) Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: Lessons learned from a pioneering project spanning Mauritania, Nepal, the Seychelles, and China. Theroot systemof plants helps prevent flooding. Rangeland restoration is largely discussed as a climate mitigation option due to the carbon storage potential of grasslands (Yao, Fu, Liu, Wang, & Song, 2021), as well as a means of improved livelihood opportunities for the local pastoralists in degraded areas and a measure to combat desertification and land degradation (Toderich, et al., 2013a). But human activity has changed the natural processes of extinction and evolution. Local, national, andinternational organizations are cooperating to preserve the biodiversity of regions threatened by development or natural disasters.UNESCOsWorld Heritage Siteprogram recognizes areas of global importance, such as the enormous wetland region of thePantanalin South America. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01241-2, Gmez Martn, E, Giordano, R, Pagano, A, van der Keur, P, & Mez Costa, M (2020) Using a system thinking approach to assess the contribution of nature based solutions to sustainable development goals. 1 for the world map of drylands). Ecosystems with a lot of biodiversity are generally stronger and more resistant to disaster than those with fewer species. 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The Biden administration has set a goal to conserve and restore 30 percent of U.S. lands and waters by 2030. Just one small section of the Escambia River, which flows through the Florida Panhandle, is home to two imperiled mussel species, along with a turtle and crayfish also at risk of extinction. Regional Environ Change 13:493508. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin were reported to have been impacted by anthropogenic activities that led to the degradation of vegetation in the riparian zone (Jiang, Jiapaer, Bao, Guo, & Ndayisaba, 2017), (Kasprzykowski, Goawski, Mitrus, & Staski, 2014). GISci Remote Sens. Land is cleared to plantcrops or build houses and factories. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. According to reports, Central Asia and Uzbekistan in particular, is among the areas most effected by dust and salt storms due to soil and wind erosion (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020) with an alarming number of people with respiratory diseases caused by these natural events (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020). Some include a much larger number of species. PAs can perform multiple functions and encompass several NbS approaches with respect to the ecosystem services they represent (see Table 1 for a list of services provided by PAs). Last year, officials announced that eight species had gone extinct. The final list was formed based on the recently formalized definition of nature-based solutions by the IUCN neglecting small-scale interventions, which in some cases the authors considered to represent NbS. Wetland restoration in the Aral Sea basin has a number of benefits both for the people and the biodiversity, and yet requires critical evaluation in terms of costs (e.g., water diversion, financial investments, sustainability, self-sustainment and etc.)

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