search. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide b. show how people progress through the . b. << c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. >> c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. insight is when a problem cannot be solved using conventional methods (Metcalfe & Wiebe, 1987) and the problem solver realizes . Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the, Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. /Encoding 16 0 R History 1301-Ch. using a juice glass as a container for OJ. insight.d. In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. means-end analysisb. This is an example of using reasoning. She takes the street to the north. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. -Without lifting your pencil from the paper, draw exactly four straight, connected lines that will go through all nine dots, but through each dot only once, Problem - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. black and pinkd. Divergent thinking is defined as an idea generating process wherein an i Divergent thinking, exploring many solutions in a creative way, was used in the classroom. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? /Subtype /Type1 May 2013. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: a.the solution is immediately obvious.b.there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.c.the goal state is not clearly defined.d.the initial state is not clearly defined. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. endobj One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. /Name /F6 This is an example of. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. the role of insight in creativity.c. a goal stated. creating operators.d. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. /Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis All cats have wings. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the problem. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. >> The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects is an example of: In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? goalc. c. Mutilated checkerboard problem, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from. /Name /F8 ill-defined; Gestaltb. /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla b. prior learning hindering problem solving. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the. << Convergent thinkinga. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. divergent thinking.d. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. targetc. When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers). She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. analogiesb. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. By doing this, Dr. experience and sometimes do not. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. /Name /F11 Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. what are some questions for lincolns plan? operators.c. Amber take. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a. Which of the following alternatives is most probable? well-definedd. c. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing. Give Me Liberty! << Experts _____ than novices.a. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a proble, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field, Take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. operators.d. well-defined; Gestaltd. a. ignore the falsification principle. Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? 1. /Encoding 16 0 R Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. We'll bring you back here when you are done. /Type /Encoding bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is _______. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. goal state.d. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. /F1 3 0 R << /ProcSet 15 0 R Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. d. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. /F3 5 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. Mental Set target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. mental sets. colorc. structural; enhance. How will Janet retrieve the book? /Name /F3 d. mental sets. creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. Metcalfe & Wiebe (1987) had participants solve insight and noninsight problems, and make "warmth" ratings (from 1 to 7) every 15 seconds as they were working on the problems participants gave a warmer rating (closer to 7) when they felt like they were getting; a cooler rating (closer to 1) when they felt like they were far from a . Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?a. a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . was whether warmth ratings would predict problem solving dierently depending on whether the problems were multistep problems/puzzles (e.g., the Tower of Hanoi task), or vignette descriptions previously demonstrated to give rise to insight solutions (e.g., the "water lilies problem"). Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time.a. /Type /Page analogical transfer.c. b. how useful a reasoning process is. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. 15 0 obj Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. a. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. endobj The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem can be solved using. /F7 9 0 R target; sourcec. The key to the solution is to overcome functional fixedness. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. The purpose of this experiment was to. c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. insight.d. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. unknotted, Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. creative cognition.c. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. representation and restructuring.b. Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. /Subtype /Type1 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. is tennis channel plus on sling tv, little men: jo and nick kiss,

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