That month, a poll indicated 33% of Swiss supported NATO membership for Switzerland, and 56% supported increased ties with NATO. [50] During this period, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its eastern neighbors were set up, including the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (later the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council) and the Partnership for Peace. [295] The Democratic Party abandoned its pro-NATO attitude, claiming the Partnership for Peace is enough. On 22 April 2010, NATO agreed to launch the Membership Action Plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina, but with certain conditions attached. As East Germany collapsed into disorganization, it became increasingly clear that the only way to stabilize the state was for West Germany to absorb the former communist territory. By 1989 the Soviet Union was unable to stem the democratic and nationalist movements which were rapidly gaining ground. Wawrzyk stressed that Poland supports Ukraine's accession to both NATO and the EU. [140] Bosnian chances of joining NATO may depend on Serbia's attitude towards the alliance, since the leadership of Republika Srpska might be reluctant to go against Serbian interests. [6] On 3 March 2022, a resolution was passed by Kosovo's Parliament requesting that the government "take all necessary steps to join NATO, European Union, Council of Europe and other international organizations". The Pact, essentially a political-military alliance, was viewed as a direct strategic counterweight to NATO, and its focus at the time was the fact that while East Germany was still part of the . The next member states to join NATO were Montenegro on 5 June 2017, and North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. [101] At the 1997 Madrid summit, the heads of state of NATO issued the "Madrid Declaration on Euro-Atlantic Security and Cooperation" which invited three Central European countries to join the alliance, out of the twelve that had at that point requested to join, laying out a path for others to follow. Since the 1990s, however, there has been an active debate in Sweden on the question of NATO membership in the postCold War era. As such, the Crown Colony of Malta shared the UK's international memberships, including NATO. [259] Kosovo's lack of recognition by four NATO member statesGreece, Romania, Spain, and Slovakiacould impede its accession. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&oldid=1152325818, Enlargement of intergovernmental organizations, Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Willingness to settle international, ethnic or external territorial disputes by peaceful means, commitment to the rule of law and human rights, and democratic control of armed forces, Ability to contribute to the organization's defense and missions, Devotion of sufficient resources to armed forces to be able to meet the commitments of membership, Security of sensitive information, and safeguards ensuring it, Compatibility of domestic legislation with NATO cooperation, Goldgeier, James. [74], North Macedonia joined the Partnership for Peace in 1995, and commenced its Membership Action Plan in 1999, at the same time as Albania. [165] A May 2017 poll by Pew also showed that 48% supported membership, and in November 2020, they showed that 65% of Swedes viewed NATO positively, the highest percent of any non-NATO member polled. States acceding to NATO replace Partnership for Peace membership with formal entry into the Alliance. [19], During the mid-1980s the strength and cohesion of the Warsaw Pact, which had served as the main institution rivaling NATO, began to deteriorate. All are now members of the Partnership for Peace, and all except Switzerland are now members of the European Union. The original membership of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) consisted of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States. [36][37][26] Gorbachev later stated that NATO expansion was "not discussed at all" in 1990, but, like Yeltsin, described the expansion of NATO past East Germany as "a violation of the spirit of the statements and assurances made to us in 1990. [190] Georgian President Salome Zourabichvili, who took office in 2018, has conceded that NATO membership might not be possible while Russia occupies Georgian territory, and has sought to focus on European Union membership,[191] which Georgia submitted its application for in May 2022. [235], The Parliament of Cyprus voted in February 2011 to apply for membership in the PfP program, but President Demetris Christofias vetoed the decision as it would hamper his attempts to negotiate an end to the Cyprus dispute and demilitarize the island. [306], Several other current NATO Global Partners have been proposed as candidates for full membership. [174] Andersson announced Sweden would indeed apply for NATO membership on 16 May 2022, in coordination with neighboring Finland,[175] and a formal application was submitted on 18 May 2022,[144] despite Russian threats of "military and political consequences. The move had doubled the length of the border that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization shares with Russia.[93][94]. NATO formed the backbone of the Wests military bulwark against the USSR and its allies for the next 40 years, with its membership growing larger over the course of the Cold War era. [294] The minor Serbian Renewal Movement, which has two seats in the National Assembly, and the Liberal Democratic Party, which currently has none, remain the most vocal political parties in favor of NATO membership. The United States and the NATO Non-extension Assurances of 1990: New Light on an Old Problem? Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [58], Russia was particularly upset with the addition of the three Baltic states, the first countries that were part of the Soviet Union to join NATO. There was also an internal security component to the agreement that proved useful to the USSR. In 1954, the Soviet Union suggested that it should join NATO to preserve peace in Europe. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialog and military integration. [53] In an open letter to US President Bill Clinton, more than forty foreign policy experts including Bill Bradley, Sam Nunn, Gary Hart, Paul Nitze, and Robert McNamara expressed their concerns about NATO expansion as both expensive and unnecessary given the lack of an external threat from Russia at that time. [113] While their neighbors both requested and accepted the dialog program, Serbia's offer was presented to guarantee the possibility of future ties with the alliance.[114]. [104] Once members agree that a country meets the requirements, NATO can issue that country an invitation to begin accession talks. [242] Ireland participates in the alliance's PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP), which aims to increase the interoperability of the Irish military, the Defence Forces, with NATO member states and bring them into line with accepted international standards so as to successfully deploy with other professional military forces on peacekeeping operations overseas. Finland joined NATO on 4 April 2023. [251] Currently no major political party in Ireland fully supports accession to NATO, a reflection on public and media opinion in the country. [212], On 8 June 2017, Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada passed a law making integration with NATO a foreign policy priority,[213] and Poroshenko announced the next month that he would seek the opening of negotiations on a Membership Action Plan with NATO,[214] which recognized Ukraine as an aspirant country by March 2018. [57] Slovenia had held a referendum on NATO the previous year, with 66% approving of membership. This was . Ukraine applied for membership in 2022. [178] On 20 May, Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs Ann Linde pushed back against Erdoan's claim they support PKK, calling it "disinformation", and pointing out Sweden listed PKK as a terrorist organization in 1984, while the EU followed suit in 2002. [16][17] Following Franco's death in 1975, Spain began a transition to democracy, and came under international pressure to normalize relations with other western democracies. [283] After the overthrow of President Slobodan Miloevi Serbia wanted to improve its relations with NATO, though membership in the military alliance remained highly controversial among political parties and society. It was established in 1955 in response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). "[189], On 29 September 2020, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg called on Georgia to use every opportunity to move closer to the Alliance and speed up preparations for membership. [216], On 8 October 2020, during a meeting with Prime Minister Boris Johnson in London, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated that Ukraine needs a NATO Membership Action Plan (MAP), as NATO membership will contribute to Ukraine's security and defense. In the aftermath of World War I and World War II, Soviet leaders felt very apprehensive about Germany once again becoming a military powera concern that was shared by many European nations on both sides of the Cold War divide. [137] All movable property, including all weapons and other army equipment, is fully registered as the property of the country starting 1 January 2006. The naming dispute was resolved with the Prespa Agreement in June 2018 under which the country adopted the name North Macedonia, which was supported by a referendum in September 2018. [211] Previous polls had shown that the decline in opposition to membership was linked to the ongoing Russian intervention. As of 2023, four states have formally expressed their desire to join NATO. Internal NATO reaction to these former Warsaw Pact countries was initially negative, but by the 1991 Rome summit in November, members agreed to a series of goals that could lead to accession, such as market and democratic liberalization, and that NATO should be a partner in these efforts. [85][86][87] On 15 May, Prime Minister Marin announced at a joint press conference with President Niinist that Finland would apply for NATO membership. [51], While the other Visegrd members were invited to join NATO at its 1997 Madrid summit, Slovakia was excluded based on what several members considered undemocratic actions by nationalist Prime Minister Vladimr Meiar. It established ties to the alliance with a NATOUkraine Action Plan on 22 November 2002,[129][193] and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace initiative in February 2005. The so-called "parade of sovereignties" declared by republics in the Baltic and Caucasus regions of the Soviet Union and their War of Laws with the government in Moscow further fractured its cohesion. [291] The agreement was finalized on 15 January 2015. During negotiations to end of the occupation, which were ongoing at the same time as Germany's, the Soviet Union insisted on the reunified country adopting the model of Swiss neutrality. As part of an effort to assuage concerned groups, newly installed Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk addressed the topic in a speech on 18 March 2014, emphasizing that Ukraine was not seeking NATO membership. [282] It was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. The treaty . [275], The current Prime Minister of Moldova, Dorin Recean, supports European Union membership, but not NATO membership. [2] The ratification process for Sweden and Finland began on 5 July 2022. In February 1981, following a failed coup attempt, Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo became Prime Minister and campaigned strongly for NATO membership, in part to improve civilian control over the military, and Spain's NATO membership was approved in June 1982. Following its dissolution, several states which maintained neutrality during the Cold War or were post-Soviet states increased their ties with Western institutions, including a number of them requesting to join NATO. [citation needed] While visiting Brussels in March 2010, he further stated that there would be no change to Ukraine's status as a member of the alliance's outreach program. Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022. In May 1955, West Germany joined NATO, which was one of the conditions agreed to as part of the end of the country's occupation by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, prompting the Soviet Union to form their own collective security alliance (commonly called the Warsaw Pact) later that month. It was primarily a security pact, with Article 5 stating that a military attack against any of the signatories would be considered an attack against them all. [239] In May 2022, Cyprus Defence Minister, Charalambos Petrides, confirmed that the country would not apply to NATO despite the Russian invasion of Ukraine. . [54] Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO in March 1999. The formation of the Warsaw Pact was in some ways a response to the creation of NATO, although it did not occur until six years after the Western alliance came into being. ", "NATO invites seven countries to Accession Talks", "NATO offers Intensified Dialogue to Georgia", "Georgia: Kodori Operation Raises NATO Questions", "NATO offers "intensified dialogue" to Serbia", "Russia says Georgia's entry to NATO could lead to war", "Signatures of Partnership for Peace Framework Document", "NATO's relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina", "NATO Approves Membership Action Plan for Bosnia", "NATO Grants 'Intensified Dialogue' to Georgia", "Finland and Sweden submit applications to join NATO", "Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Kingdom of Sweden", "NATO launches 'Intensified Dialogue' with Ukraine", "Bosnia and Herzegovina and Membership Action Plan", "NATO rules out admitting new members anytime soon", "Nato grants Bosnia pre-membership status", "Court Rejects Bosnian Serb Claim to Army Facilities", "Bosnia and Herzegovina: Attitudes on Violent Extremism and Foreign Influence", "Bosnian Serbs pass resolution against NATO membership", "Osmani called on NATO to accelerate the Membership Process for BiH and Kosovo", "Turkey to reject Sweden and Finland's bid to join NATO", "How Turkey spoiled NATO's historic moment with Finland, Sweden", "Sweden takes formal decision to apply for NATO membership", "Turkey clears way for Finland, Sweden to join NATO Stoltenberg", "NATO: Finland and Sweden poised to join NATO after Turkey drops objection", "When will Sweden and Finland join NATO? What is the EU, and how is it set up? [262], When the North Atlantic Treaty was signed in 1949, the Mediterranean island of Malta was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom, one of the treaty's original signatories. It allowed foreign-stationed Nato troops to cross the old cold war line marked by East Germany at the . The reunification of Germany in October 1990 brought the territory of the former East Germany into the Alliance. These leaders however guaranteed their opposition that membership in any military alliance would not pass without public approval in a referendum. We strive for accuracy and fairness. [279] A poll in December 2018 found that, if given the choice in a referendum, 22% of Moldovans would vote in favor of joining NATO, while 32% would vote against it and 21% would be unsure. The European Union is an international economic and political alliance of 27 member countries, 19 of which use the euro as their official currency. [293] A poll that month suggested that 82% of Serbians opposed joining NATO, while only 10% supported the idea. Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania were all signatories to the pact. at the Alliance's Madrid Summit in 1997 and on 12 March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join . Like NATO, the Warsaw Pact focused on the objective of creating a coordinated defense among its member nations in order to deter an enemy attack. Yugoslavia's communist government sided with the Eastern Bloc at the beginning of the Cold War, but pursued a policy of neutrality following the TitoStalin split in 1948. For example, about four-in-ten Democrats say NATO's influence in the world has been getting stronger in recent years (39%), compared with about three-in-ten Republicans (29%). Warsaw Pact, formally Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, (May 14, 1955-July 1, 1991) treaty establishing a mutual-defense organization (Warsaw Treaty Organization) composed originally of the Soviet Union and Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. NATO then formalized the process of joining the organization with "Membership Action Plans", which aided the accession of seven Central and Eastern Europe countries shortly before the 2004 Istanbul summit: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. In . Mintoff supported neutrality as his foreign policy,[269] and the position was later enshrined into the country's constitution in 1974 as an amendment to Article 1. [180], Georgia moved quickly following the Rose Revolution in 2003 to seek closer ties with NATO[181] (although the previous administration had also indicated that they desired NATO membership a year before the revolution took place[182]). Gorbachev Says "No", "Moscow's account of Nato expansion is a case of false memory syndrome", "NATO Eastward Expansion and Russian Security", "Chechnya Summons Uneasy Memories in Former East Bloc", "Poland, Hungary and the Czechs Join NATO", "Why Nato-Russia relations soured before Ukraine", "Slovenia Votes for Membership in European Union and NATO", "Intermarium: The Case for Security Pact of the Countries between the Baltic and Black Seas", "The Breakaways: A Retrospective on the Baltic Road to NATO", "Tensions With Russia Propel Baltic States Toward NATO", "No Smoking Law, Alcohol Limit-Yes, Referendum-No", "Slovenia Border Spat Imperils Croatia's NATO Bid", "Slovenia Ratifies Croatia's Accession in NATO", "Montenegro Hands over Application for NATO's MAP", "Montenegro Joins NATO Membership Action Plan", "Development of relations between Montenegro and NATO key dates", "NATO invites Montenegro to join alliance, defying Russia", "NATO formally invites Montenegro as 29th member", "Montenegro becomes NATO's 29th member amid bitter opposition from Moscow", "NATO invites Macedonia to begin membership talks, says it can join once name issue is resolved", "Formal Accession Talks with Skopje begin at NATO Headquarters", "Macedonia signs Nato accession agreement", "NATO door open to North Macedonia after Spain's approval", "North Macedonia Parliament Backs NATO Accession", "North Macedonia joins NATO as 30th Ally", "North Macedonia Joins the NATO Alliance", "Finnish President: Putin's mask comes off, showing "cold face of war", "Yle poll: Support for Nato membership hits record high", "PM Marin: Finland's Nato membership decision needs more time", "Finnish president confirms country will apply to join NATO", "Sweden and Finland formally apply to join Nato", "Finland becomes a Member of NATO on Tuesday 4 April", "Finland joins NATO in historic shift, Russia threatens 'counter-measures'", "NATO: What Is A Membership Action Plan? [4] Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia. [305] France's Foreign Ministry responded to this by reiterating the limitations of Article 10 on new membership, and suggested that Brazil could instead seek to become a Global Partner of NATO, like Colombia. The Soviet Union and its affiliated Communist nations in Eastern Europe founded a rival alliance, the Warsaw Pact, in 1955. Azerbaijan was a member of the CSTO but has committed to a policy of neutrality since 1999. After months of delays, it signed off on Finland's bid to join in March. West Germany was reunified with East Germany on 3 October 1990. . [144] The move met opposition from Turkey, which called for the Nordic countries to lift their non-existing arms sales ban on Turkey and to stop any support for groups which Turkey and others have labeled as terrorists, including the Kurdish militant groups Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (that Sweden banned in 1984) and Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) and Democratic Union Party (Syria) (PYD) and People's Defense Units (YPG), and of the followers of Fethullah Glen, a US-based cleric accused by Turkey of orchestrating the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'tat attempt. [227], Austria was occupied by the four victorious Allied powers following World War II under the Allied Control Council, similar to Germany. In 1995, under Prime Minister Eddie Fenech Adami of the Nationalist Party, Malta joined the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council multilateral defense forum and NATO's Partnership for Peace program. The role of Germany. [123], A February 2017 poll showed that 59% of the country supports NATO membership, but results were very divided depending on ethnic groups. First, only European states are eligible for new membership, and second, these states not only need the approval of all the existing member states, but every member state can put some criteria forward that have to be attained. [234] Neighbouring Greece and Turkey competed for influence in the newly independent Cyprus, with intercommunal rivalries and movements for union with Greece or partition and partial union with Turkey. The Centre Party, for example, was officially opposed to NATO membership until September 2015, when party leadership under Annie Lf announced that they would motion to change the party policy to push for Sweden to join NATO at their next party conference. [240], Ireland was neutral during World War II, though the country cooperated with Allied intelligence and permitted the Allies use of Irish airways and ports. [75] Macedonia sued Greece at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over their veto of Macedonia's NATO membership. The 'NATO enlargement question' in the triangular Bonn-Washington-Moscow diplomacy of 19901991. The accession process is overseen by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body. [110], In September 2006, Georgia became the second to be offered the Intensified Dialogue status, following a rapid change in foreign policy under President Mikhail Saakashvili,[111] and what they perceived as a demonstration of military readiness during the 2006 Kodori crisis. Events of the following year prompted American leaders to adopt a more militaristic stance toward the Soviets. This alignment provided the framework for the military standoff that continued throughout the Cold War (1945-91). In February 2010, he stated that Ukraine's relations with NATO were currently "well-defined", and that there was "no question of Ukraine joining NATO". As of 2022[update], there was only one country participating in a MAP, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Declaration prohibits Austria from joining a military alliance, from hosting foreign military bases within its borders, and from participating in a war. [132] Bosnia and Herzegovina began further cooperation with NATO within their Individual Partnership Action Plan in January 2008. [70][71] NATO formally invited Montenegro to join the alliance on 2 December 2015,[72] with negotiations concluding in May 2016;[73] Montenegro joined NATO on 5 June 2017. [102], The biggest step in the formalization of the process for inviting new members came at the 1999 Washington summit when the Membership Action Plan (MAP) mechanism was approved as a stage for the current members to regularly review the formal applications of aspiring members. Since then, NATO has led the Implementation Force and Stabilization Force, and other peacekeeping efforts in the country. When Malta gained independence in 1964, prime minister George Borg Olivier wanted the country to join NATO. [288] Relations with NATO were further strained following Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, while it was a protectorate of the United Nations with security support from NATO. [91] Most countries approved Finland's application throughout 2022, but Hungary and Turkey held out over disputes until early 2023, with the Hungarian parliament approving the application on 27 March, and the Turkish parliament approved the application on 31 March 2023. [3] As of 15October2022[update], all NATO member states except for Hungary and Turkey have approved the accession of the two countries and deposited their instruments of accession with the Government of the US. Nato's first aggressive action against a sovereign state took place in 1999, when it bombed targets in Yugoslavia in an attempt to halt that country's policy of "ethnic cleansing" in Kosovo. [90] On 1 March 2023, the Parliament of Finland approved Finland's accession to NATO by a vote of 184 in favor and 7 opposed. "[24][34][38], This view, that informal assurances were given by diplomats from NATO members to the Soviet Union in 1990, is common in countries like Russia,[26][21] and, according to political scientist Marc Trachtenberg, available evidence suggests that allegations made since then by Russian leadership about the existence of such assurances "were by no means baseless. [203], Following months of Euromaidan street protests that began because of his refusal to sign an Association Agreement with the European Union in favor of deals from Russia, President Yanukovych fled Kyiv in February 2014, ultimately to Russia, and parliament voted to remove him from his post. [238] His foreign minister and successor Nicos Christodoulides dismissed Cypriot membership of NATO or Partnership for Peace, preferring to keep Cyprus' foreign and defence affairs within the framework of the European Union. [39][38] This impression was later used by him as part of his justification for Russia's 2014 actions in Ukraine and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine in 2022. . [166][167] A Novus poll conducted in late February 2022 found 41% in favor of NATO membership and 35% opposed. It was last extended in early 2021 for five years, meaning the two . He said the issue of Ukrainian membership of NATO might "emerge at some point, but we will not see it in the immediate future". [76], In June 2017, Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev signaled he would consider alternative names for the country in order to strike a compromise with Greece, settle the naming dispute and lift Greek objections to Macedonia joining the alliance. NATO is a military alliance of thirty-one European and North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense. "[25] Yeltsin was succeeded in 2000 by Vladimir Putin, who further promoted the idea that guarantees about enlargement were made in 1990, including during a 2007 speech in Munich. Little more than one week later, on 14 May 1955, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact, which included the German Democratic Republic (also known as East Germany). [252] A poll in early March 2022 found 37% in favor of joining NATO and 52% opposed,[253] while one at the end of March 2022, found a sharp rise of approval with 48% supporting NATO membership and 39% opposing it. But NATO expands anyway - so first in the '90s with a few countries in central Europe, again in the 2000s to bring in even more countries further to the east, including a handful of former Soviet . [221] The defence ministry of Switzerland, which has a long-standing policy of neutrality, initiated a report in May 2022 analyzing various military options, including increased cooperation and joint military exercises with NATO. [115] Ukraine was recognized as an aspirant country after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Russia, led by President Boris Yeltsin, became the most prominent of the independent states. Note that this is not considered by NATO to be an IPAP. [289] In April 2011 Serbia's request for an IPAP was approved by NATO,[290] and Serbia submitted a draft IPAP in May 2013. [277] This separatist issue could preclude Moldova from joining NATO. [311] In 2014, in the run up to the self-determination referendum, the Generalitat de Catalunya published a memo suggesting an independent Catalonia would want to keep all of Spain's current foreign relationships, including NATO, though other nations, namely Belgium, have questioned whether quick membership for breakaway regions could encourage secessionist movements elsewhere.[312]. Greece and . [44], That year, Russian leaders like Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev indicated their country's opposition to NATO enlargement. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reignited debate surrounding NATO membership in several countries. Serbia was invited to and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program during the 2006 Riga summit, and in 2008 was invited to enter the intensified dialog program whenever the country was ready. [29] The Westernization trend of many former Soviet allied states led them to privatize their economies and formalize their relationships with NATO countries, the first step for many towards European integration and possible NATO membership. In the mid-1950s, however, the U.S. and a number of other NATO members began to advocate making West Germany part of the alliance and allowing it to form an army under tight restrictions. ", This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 15:14. ", "Poll: Should Ireland give up its neutrality? [199] He later reiterated during a trip to Moscow that Ukraine would remain a "European, non-aligned state". President Putin told Rossiya state television on 22 December, 2022; "We are ready to negotiate with everyone involved about acceptable solutions, but Kyiv and its Western backers have refused to .

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