The official title of the bill that is subject to the referendum appears on the ballot. Const. Art. Campaign statements must be filed by the 11th day before the election, the 30th day after the election, April 25 and July 25 every year and October 25 in odd-numbered years. Circulator requirements: 18 years of age (NRS 32-629 and -1404). Const. 5, 1; C.R.S.A. Proponent organization and requirements: Must follow financial statutes and file with Ethics Commission (A.C.A. Art. Massachusetts: at least 30% (Const. What is a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to aid a candidate while Art. In which state is a citizen who wishes to vote not required to submit an application? Each state has a unique way of handling the timeline and deadline for signature gathering. 116.080). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to being a ballot question committee is treated as a type of political committee, filing electronic campaign finance reports, where a committee can spend, and unlimited contributions to a ballot question committee (M.G.L.A. VI, Subpt. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (A.C.A. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! 22-24-402). A person also qualifies as a ballot measure committee if 2% or more of its annual revenues, operating expenses or funds are used to make contributions to another ballot measure committee which exceed $10,000 in value. ", Miss. Law 6-201). II, 9(b)) and eligible registered voters (Elec. 45. Where to file: Secretary of state (SDCL 2-1-3.1). Proponent organization and requirements: Proponents and opponents register with board of elections (10 ILCS 5/28-9). Veto referendum. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (IC 34-1807). Depending on the legislature's action, the proponents may continue to pursue placement on the ballot for a popular vote. Although the referendum and the initiative find most widespread use in the United States and the Swiss cantons, they are also provided for in the constitutions of several European and Commonwealth countries. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. Law 13-202). A.R.S. 5, 1; C.R.S.A. In three states (Massachusetts, Ohio and Utah), proponents must gather additional signatures to place the measure on the ballot; in the others, it automatically goes to the ballot. Art. Where to file: Attorney general, then petition goes to secretary of state (Cal.Elec.Code 9001, 9004; Cal.Const. From 1911 through November 2022, the California Constitution has been amended 57 times through the state's initiative process. Whats it called when you dont participate in politics? Fiscal review: The financial estimate committee will estimate costs and consult with the legislative revenue officer (O.R.S. Amend. Art. General review of petition: The secretary of state will appoint two, three-person committees, one for and one against the measure. Under the optional (or facultative) referendum, a popular vote on a law passed by the legislature is required whenever petitioned by a specified number of voters. Repeat measures: More than two elections on the same general matter cannot be held within 12 months (NDCC, 16.1-01-11). 3, 18, 20. Popular referendum: A citizen-led process to oppose and strike down existing laws. 3, 1 and Const. 4, Pt. a. the riots caused by the Alien and Sedition Act, in the 1790s Cure period for insufficient signatures: If petition is insufficient, sponsors have 30 days to solicit and obtain additional signatures, submit proof to show that rejected signatures are valid, or make the petition more definite and certain (NMSA 1-17-12). 1-40-106 and 1-40-107). Withdrawal of petition: Chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the signatures for verification. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102). 12, 2). Proponents submit descriptive ballot title reviewed by attorney general. 23-17-47; 23-17-49; 23-17-51; 23-17-53, Missouri: V.A.M.S. ), Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. Petition must be filed with county officials not later than 15 days following the primary election. The practice of __________ means that district boundaries have been purposefully drawn to unfairly 5, 1), Single subject rule: Yes (Cal.Const. Must file quarterly reports. . They may also submit their own alternative ballot measure to the people if different but under the same subject area. 19, 2). 19-112), Colorado (Const. Number of signatures required: For indirect initiatives submitted to the legislature, 5 % of all votes cast for all candidates for U.S. president at the last general election. Timeline for collecting signatures: One year, but proponents must submit to the county officials no sooner than nine months and no later than four weeks prior to the final deadline (MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). States also have varying processes for reviewing petitions. Const. Submission deadline for signatures: Ninety days after the law is filed by the governor in the office of the secretary of state (Const. b. that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised Code 9001, $2,000; refunded if measure qualifies for the ballot within two years. For direct initiatives, signatures must be submitted by April 15 immediately before the next general election (U.C.A. Only 20 signatures allowed per sheet and each sheet is from one county. Number of signatures required: Ten % of votes cast for all candidates for governor in previous election for statutes. The poor timing of a referendum's voting on election day may mean voters disregard it altogether as their focus is on the election. Const. Art. Cannot have been found guilty of a criminal felony or a violation of election laws, fraud, forgery or identification theft, Cannot have been convicted of or pled guilty to crimes involving forgery. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (I.C. An amendment requires at least one-fourth of members support to get onto the ballot. Circulator requirements: Must be 18 years old and an Ohio resident (O.R.C. Massachusetts (M.G.L.A. Oklahoma: If neither receives a majority, the one receiving more votes will be resubmitted to the next general election by itself if it received at least one-third of the total votes cast for or against the two measures. Art. Art. Voter apathy and inability to understand the nature of the proposal, or just a lack of care for the issue may cause voters to choose to vote 'no' due to fear of change. 2, 10; N.R.S. North Dakota: The secretary of state reviews and if the office deems it insufficient, the committee of petitioners has 20 days to correct it. XVI, 1), Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election (Ohio Const. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state (21-A MRS 901(4)). Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the Governor's proclamation of the results (Const. Art. 3, 52), Ballot title and summary: Secretary of state, approved by attorney general (V.A.M.S. Art. Rule 2.36; Okl.St.Ann. 7-9-107), Legislature or other government official review: No statute, Public review or notice: Notice to be posted in statewide newspaper five months before election at expense of petitioners (Ark. They are an effort to ensure that petition signers do not represent just the interests of heavily populated areas. 3, 17(2)). 250.045; 250.048). III, 3 and MGL ch. Const. What is on each petition: Form is approved by secretary of state and attorney general and following rules established by secretary of state. Michigans constitution explicitly grants the legislature the power to amend laws approved by the people by referendum at any time (Const. See Elec. A "simple statement of the gist of the measure," drafted by sponsors, is printed at the top of the petition (34 OS 3). 3519.08). Art. Secretary of state, revisor of statutes and attorney general, M.G.L.A. Majority to pass: Initiative amendments proposed by the people and their legislative substitutes must receive at least 30 % of the total number of ballots cast in the election and a majority of the voters voting on the measure (Massachusetts Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Circulator requirements: 18 years of age (34 OS 6). 5, 1). Withdrawal of petition: May be withdrawn no later than 120 days before the next general election if no less than two-thirds of the petition sponsors file such a request in writing with the secretary of state (SDCL 2-1-2.3). St. 32-1409). Art. a. personal wealth that a candidate uses. $100; refunded if application is properly filed, Const. Ohio: Reviewed by attorney general and Ohio ballot board, which also writes pro or con statements if not supplied. For statutes, the legislature may amend at any legislative session (U.C.A. Lieutenant governor with assistance from attorney general, Secretary of state, approved by attorney general, Ark. Art. Some states that lack statewide initiatives and referendums allow for initiatives and referendums in local jurisdictions. 5, 11; Art. Repeal or change restrictions: Normal amendment referendum required. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Petition title and summary creation: Petition must include a summary of 100 words or less (MCL 168.482). Voter apathy or lack of interest is often cited as a cause of low turnout among eligible voters in jurisdictions where voting is optional, and the donkey vote where voting is compulsory. Additional statements for ballot measure committees are due April 30 and October 31. 8. 295.056. Must file a statement of organization as a political issues committee no later than seven days after receiving contributions or making expenditures totaling at least $750, and annually by 5 p.m. on Jan. 10 thereafter, unless it has filed a notice of dissolution. (IC 34-1803B). Eighteen states require or provide for fiscal statements: Lieutenant governor provides a statement of costs. Art. (NDCC Const. a. town meeting 1, Part 2). Ohio ballot board; proponents may suggest title. Rev. Types allowed: Direct initiative for statute and constitutional amendment, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (Ne.Rev.St. One year after the petition is approved by the secretary of state for collection, and deadline of 120 days before the election it is to be voted upon. This database contains state legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through this year. president? Twenty-four states have citizen initiative processes. d. Voting was an individual right, not a group right. Circulator requirements: Age 18 (Neb. 354, Michigan: M.C.L.A. If the random sample verification establishes that fewer than 95% of signatures are valid, the petition is deemed insufficient. II, 1g and ORC 3519.16(F)). Subject restrictions: The referendum shall not be applied to dedications of revenue, appropriations, local or special legislation, or to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (Const. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. a. incumbents. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (Elec. Prepared by the office of financial management, in consultation with the secretary of state, the attorney general, and any other appropriate state or local agency. Must include the language "a committee for/against Proposition __" in any reference to the committee required by law (Govt. 2, Sec. RCW 42.17A.205, 42.17A.235, 42.17A.250, 42.17A.260, 42.17A.265. Art. V, 3 and OK Stat. Const. c. funny money. 23-17-9), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Ninety days before the first day of the legislative session and the first five measures make it on the ballot (Miss. Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (Const. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state (Wyo. In 2021, Idaho passed SB 1110, which would have required signatures from 6% of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election in all 35 legislative districts, but in August 2021, the Idaho Supreme Court blocked implementation of that law. 3, 18, 20). 2; 21 Okl.St.Ann. Art. Art. Fiscal review: If the measure will have an effect on revenue, expenditures or the fiscal liability of the state, the attorney general orders the budget director to prepare one (MCA 13-27-312). Which of the following were not major contributors to George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign? Collected in-person: In the circulator's presence (V.A.M.S. Neb. Stat. Art. N.R.S. Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors (Const. 1(3)). Timeline for collecting signatures: For direct constitutional amendments, nine months and three weeks. In some states, the question is worded such that a yes vote is in favor of the law subject to referendum, while in others, a yes vote is in favor of repealing the law that is the subject of the referendum. 48, Init., Pt. 14, 3, 10 ILCS 5/28-2, Massachusetts: M.G.L.A. Laws that relate to religion, religious practices or religious institutions; the appointment, qualification, tenure, removal or compensation of judges; the powers, creation or abolition of courts; the operation of a particular town, city or other political division or to particular districts or localities of the commonwealth; or the appropriation of money for the current or ordinary expenses of the commonwealth or for any of its departments, boards, commissions or institutions. Const. Cal.Elec.Code 9014; 9016; Cal.Const. In which year did voters age 24-44 turnout to vote at a higher rate than voters age 45-64? 53 7). 3519.01). 34-1802). Secretary of state, official committee that filed and approved by attorney general. Six months to turn in signatures once petitions have been titled and certified for circulation, and filed no later than three months and three weeks before the election and made by 3 p.m. on the day of filing. Australians have triggered this veto function often, denying 36 of 44 proposals. 19, 2; Art. 19-111), Where to file with: Secretary of states office (A.R.S. a. Al Gore and Bill Bradley in 2000 5 1; 7-9-122), Maine (M.R.S.A. d. a governor. The required signatures must be distributed equally among all of the petition districts (NRS 295.012 and NRS 293.127563). II, 1b). 4, 1, Pt. Art. (21-A MRS 905). Circulator requirements: US citizen and at least 18 years old (CRS 1-40-112). In the U.S., the terms initiative and referendum refer to processes that allow citizens of states to vote on particular pieces of legislation. Art. III, 4 and NRS 32-1414). 3, 52). 1953 20A-7-211). Note on Mississippi : Mississippi has an initiated constitutional amendment process, including a signature distribution requirement based on five congressional districts. Stat. Art. Application process information: The sponsor must file a copy of the measure signed by 1,000 electors (and not more than 2,000) with the secretary of state, along with the text of the measure, whether they plan to use paid circulators, and designating three chief petitioners (O.R.S. Otherwise, they may submit an alternative measure. 22-24-412). Some of the most common reasons to cast a provisional ballot include: The REFERENDUM allows citizens, through the petition process, to refer acts of the Legislature to the ballot before they become law. Const. 100.371), Geographic distribution: Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state (F.S.A. States vary a great deal in how they verify collected signatures. For indirect statute petitions, the legislature has 40 session days to pass or reject the unchanged or unamended measure. II, 9). During the 14 days before the election, reports of any communication exceeding $5,000 in the aggregate are due within one business day. Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: File a written request including the voter's name, residence address and signature with the appropriate county elections official prior to the day the petition is filed (Elec. If the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the submission deadline has not passed, and the signatures are deemed insufficient, petitioners may submit more signatures. The obligatory referendum on amendments to state constitutions proposed by state legislatures was first adopted by Connecticut in 1818 and has become the prevailing method for the amendment of all state constitutions. Ballot title and summary: Secretary of state drafts title (21-A MRS 905-A and 906). 10% of the votes cast in last general election, 10% of the total number of votes cast in the last general election, or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the election, 2% of the residential population according to the last federal decennial census, 6% of the total votes cast for the office of governor in the last election, 5% of votes cast for governor in the last election, 4% of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last election, 5% of the total votes cast for governor at the last election, 8% of the active voters in the state on Jan. 1 following the last regular general election, Const. Const. Where to file: Attorney general (Elec. Which of the following is a crucial factor when a candidate is one in a long parade of faces during the primaries? II, 9(c)). 295.0575), North Dakota (NDCC Const. Proponent organization and requirements: No later than thirty (30) days after a proposed bill is submitted for certification, the committee of applicants the names of 100 registered voters who will act as sponsors. The majority system Year Established: process adopted 1912, but laws specifying mechanics of process not adopted until 1933. It made gerrymandering illegal. 7-9-404; 406; 407; 408; 409). For constitutional amendments, 10% of votes cast for governor in last election. 11 1 and 5). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (M.C.L.A. 34, 1, 4 and 8. Legislature or other government official review: Nonpartisan staff of general assembly prepare summary, analysis and fiscal review (C.R.S.A. Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. CONST. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (IC 34-1803). Geographic distribution: 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties (Const. Art. Ballot title appears on the petition (RCW 29A.72.120). 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480, Montana: MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311, Nebraska: Neb. Code Ann. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Political committee must have a treasurer before receiving contributions or making expenditures (IC 67-6603). Geographic distribution: None, but petition sheets are organized by county (A.R.S. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (SDCL 2-1-12). Then, select a topic from the column at the left for comprehensive information or select a state in the map for state-specific information. What is on each petition: A fair, concise summary of the proposed measure must appear at the top, along with the names and residences of the first 10 signers (Const. 3, 50, 51). 250.015; 250.052; 250.045). Const. Verification: The secretary of state shall by rule designate a statistical sampling technique to verify whether a petition contains the required number of signatures (ORS 250.105). Art. Legislature or other government official review: Upon request, the legislative service office or any agency in the executive department shall render assistance in reviewing and preparing comments on the proposed bill. 3, 52(e) and Wyo. What does provisional mean in voting? Verification: Secretary of the commonwealth is directed to establish "regulations designed to achieve and maintain accuracy, uniformity, and security" (MGL ch. III, 52(a)). Reports of contributions and expenditures of $500 or more must be made within two days between the 25th day of the month before an election and the day of the election. Amend. 3, 18). Const. Petition title and summary creation: A statement of purpose and implication, not to exceed 135 words, and yes-no statements are drafted by petitioners and reviewed and approved by the attorney general.

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