Interestingly, one study found that people with acne who took 210 milligrams of silymarin per day for 8 weeks experienced a 53% decrease in acne lesions (42). and depression. information submitted for this request. New Treatments That May Change the Game, The Latest Research on Advanced Prostate Cancer. Users are advised to seek the advice of their physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. . Milk thistle. While milk thistle has been traditionally used in pregnant and breastfeeding women, its safety is unknown. Silymarin (Silybum marianum; SM), popularly known as milk thistle, is an extract that has been used for many centuries to treat liver diseases. If you choose to use milk thistle, use it as directed on the package or as directed by your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. 2007;2007(4):CD003620. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. Milk thistle is a popular herbal remedy that has been used for its therapeutic effects for centuries. Milk thistle may interact with certain medications and supplements. Other studies looking at milk thistle for cirrhosis have found conflicting results. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Milk thistlesupplementscontaining silymarin are commonly sold as teas or in capsule form, but are also available as tablets, soft gels, and liquid extracts. Natural Medicines website. Medicinal use of this product has not been approved by the FDA. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Feng N, Luo J, Guo X. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. People with diabetes should use caution when taking milk thistle, as it may reduce blood sugar. Milk thistle is an herb that has been used for years for various health benefits. It can be consumed in supplement form or as a tea. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. It is not certain whether milk thistle is effective in treating any medical condition. As a result of excessive alcohol consumption, my liver was fattened and my enzymes increased. Epub 2019 Nov 24. OCD symptoms usually revolve around irrational fears, repeated thoughts, and compulsions. Dosing of milk thistle ranged from 150 mg twice a day to 300 mg twice a day. The Physician Global Assessment and Body Surface Area composite tool is a simple alternative to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index for assessment of psoriasis: post hoc analysis from PRISTINE and PRESTA. Seeff, L.; Curto, T.; Szabo, G. et al. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. This article reviews what milk thistle is and, Milk thistle tea is said to protect the liver, stimulate breast milk production, and lower blood sugar levels. 2020;31(4):/j/jbcpp.2020.31.issue-4/jbcpp-2019-0206/jbcpp-2019-0206.xml. Our study provides a new insight into the protective effects of silibinin in the treatment of anxiety/depression. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Milk thistle is a plant named for the white veins on its large prickly leaves. Rambaldi, A.; Jacobs, B.; Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. The study researchers hypothesize that milk thistle's antioxidant qualities make it a good candidate for treating conditions like cancer, hepatitis, NAFLD, diabetes, depression, and heart disease. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, By Soraiya Ebrahimpour Koujan, Bahram Pourghassem, Gargari Majid, Published February 15, 2015, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025940, Current Drug Targets, A Mini Review on the Chemistry and Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin, By Devi KP, Malar , Braidy , Nabavi , Nabavi, Published 2017, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 9. https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+1964, Toxnet, Valerian Root, Reviewed by SRP on 9/9/2014, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 10. https://nccih.nih.gov/research/results/spotlight/040310.htm, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Study Shows Chamomile Capsules Ease Anxiety Symptoms, Last Updated October 21, 2015, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/, Evidence Based Complementary Medicine, Lavender and The Nervous System, Published March 14, 2013, By Peir Hossein Koulivand, Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri, and Ali Gorji, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 12. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-437/lemon-balm, WebMD.com, Lemon Balm, Retrieved May 5, 2019, Requirements for using and reposting articles. Silibinin, a flavonoid derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been used as a hepato-protectant in the clinical treatment of liver diseases. 5 It was found that there was no significant difference between milk thistle and Prozac for OCD symptoms. Milk thistle has been shown in experimental test-tube and animal studies to stimulate bone mineralization and potentially be protective against bone loss (22, 23). People sometimes use milk thistle for hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. Milk thistle is sometimes used to treat skin conditions including mild psoriasis. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies. Pizzorono JE, et al., eds. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care professional if you have allergies (especially to plants), have any medical conditions, or if you take other medicines or other herbal/health supplements. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. Milk thistle is generally thought to be safe, but you still may experience side effects when taking it. Milk thistle is often promoted for its liver-protecting effects. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. Not only does this help prevent cirrhoris, but may also be advantageous for those living with hepatitis or other liver diseases. and transmitted securely. Talk with your healthcare provider before starting milk thistle to make sure it is the right supplement for you. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. It is possibly effective in diabetes and indigestion (). However, there are currently no human studies, so its effectiveness remains unclear. One reported effect of milk thistle is that it can boost breast milk production in lactating mothers. The benefits of milk thistle remain unclear for this purpose and the limited research on milk thistle and breast milk has been done primarily in animals. This article looks at the evidence to, Whats the life expectancy of someone with cirrhosis of the liver? Milk thistle is generally considered safe when taken by mouth (1, 45). Silymarin is an antioxidant compound taken from milk thistle seeds. Its thought to work by making more of the milk-producing hormone prolactin. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Little is known about whether its safe to use milk thistle during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. In one such study, a 45-day course of silymarin, the active component of milk thistle, increased antioxidant capacity and reduced generalized inflammation in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with a placebo. Dupuis ML, Conti F, Maselli A, et al. Ask your doctor for advice. According to researchers, these findings suggest that silymarin may improve diabetes symptoms like oxidative stress and inflammation. Milk thistle often is used as a galactalogue, a food or supplement that people who are chest feeding take to improve milk production. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Type 2 Diabetes According to research published in Phytomedicine in 2015, silymarin improved antioxidant capacity in the body and decreased inflammation in adults with type 2 diabetes by beating the placebo in a triple blind trial. Pharmacol Rev. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Milk thistle is a flowering herb native to Europe but is also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of developing AD. Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. Substances in milk thistle may reduce blood sugar, a concern for people living with diabetes. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Did you know that milk thistle has recently been touted as a natural remedy to help manage the debilitating symptoms of OCD? Milk thistle can cause: Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal bloating Itchiness Headache If you have diabetes, use milk thistle with caution, since the supplement might lower blood sugar. While milk thistle is considered a noxious weed in various parts of the United States, it has little oral consumption value and is best absorbed in tablet or capsule supplement form, but can also be consumed as a tea or oral tincture. Some medications have been known to interact with milk thistle negatively. Loguercio C, Festi D. Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice. However, the results from studies have been mixed, and not all have found milk thistle extract to have a beneficial effect on liver disease. However, this review also noted that the quality of the studies was not very high, so more studies are needed before its possible to make any firm recommendations (44). Medical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. An allergic reaction is more common in people who are allergic to other plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, daisies, marigolds and chrysanthemums. Facts & Comparisons eAnswers. When looking at Milk Thistle itself (prior to any extraction), the fruits or thistles contain: Silymarin at 1.5-3% of dry weight (to be elucidated later) [2] Silyhermin and both Neosilyhermin A and B [2]; Protein and Mucilage (taking up 25-30% of the herb by dry weight) [2] Quercetin and the dihydro varient known as Taxifolin [2]; Kaempferol, Dihydrokaempferol, and the 7-glucoside and 3 . Using different formulations together increases the risk of an overdose. However, this is the only clinical study available. Some people are advised to be cautious when taking milk thistle. How Does Cirrhosis Affect Life Expectancy? But experts say that the evidence isnt conclusive. However, many of the studies are small and have methodological flaws, which makes it difficult to give firm guidance on this supplement or confirm its effects (46).

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