No significant difference was noticed between open and endoscopic thyroid surgery at 23months post-surgery. In 39 (17.6%) patients, the complaints persisted for more than 3 months or still existed at the time of the interview. PubMed Central Accessibility We found no correlation between dysphagia and patients age or gender, the specimen volume, and patients body mass index. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 30(1):2225. Figure 1 Frequency and duration of postoperative dysphagia complaints. and transmitted securely. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.04.013, Rommel N, Hamdy S (2016) Oropharyngeal dysphagia: manifestations and diagnosis. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02768.x, Exarchos ST, Lachanas VA, Tsiouvaka S et al (2016) The impact of perioperative dexamethasone on swallowing impairment score after thyroidectomy: a retrospective study of 118 total thyroidectomies. Diagnostic methods failed to identify the physio pathological mechanism of swallow alteration leaving this condition still unclear. World J Surg 36(6):12931299. We found no correlation between dysphagia and patients age, the specimen volume, and patients body mass index (Spearmans rank correlation coefficient = 0.1, each). days after surgery. PubMed Google Scholar. Quality of life is not influenced by the extent of surgery in patients with benign goiter. Dysphagia. Codas 29(3):e20150294. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare, relevant to the content of this article. PMC No significant difference was noticed between open and endoscopic thyroid surgery at 2-3 months post-surgery. Before Do you bring food back up (regurgitate) after swallowing it? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(7):27012708. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism were at significantly decreased risk of dysphagia. The .gov means its official. eCollection 2022. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2011.0118, Gohrbandt AE, Aschoff A, Gohrbandt B et al (2016) Changes of laryngeal mobility and symptoms following thyroid surgery: 6-month follow-up. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Ulm (Nr 141/15). 2023 Feb 3;12(3):1212. doi: 10.3390/jcm12031212. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In the early postoperative weeks after thyroidectomy, swallowing impairment is self-explanatory and is reported by most patients.6 Symptoms are often self-limiting, are not related to impaired nerve function and improve spontaneously. You may also notice swelling, firmness, a pulling sensation, or even some trouble swallowing. (PDF) Effects of Dysphagia Therapy on Swallowing Dysfunction after We found that patients in this group are at high risk of dysphagia, since bilateral thyroid surgery is performed in these patients, often with lymph node dissection. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients. Besides these studies specific for postoperative swallowing impairment, there are several further prospective studies with different questionnaires regarding quality of life after thyroid operation. This could be a major limitation. Approximately 15% of subjects 65 years and older reported difficulties with swallowing.20 These patients were not excluded. . Background: The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative neck pain and discomfort, swallowing difficulty, and voice change after conventional open thyroidectomy (COT), endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET), or robotic thyroidectomy (RT) performed by a single surgeon.Methods: From January 2013 to December 2017, 254 patients underwent COT, ET, or RT performed by a single surgeon and . Bookshelf Further, we provided a specifically designed questionnaire, which, with simple questions, covered the spectrum of symptoms typically reported by affected patients. Notes: aIncluded two patients with parathyroidectomy. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Lombardi CP, Raffaelli M, De Crea C et al (2009) Long-term outcome of functional post-thyroidectomy voice and swallowing symptoms. Online ahead of print. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 56(10):13141320. Did you first have trouble swallowing solids and then develop difficulty swallowing liquids? Results This retrospective review included 45,539. 2022 Jan;11(1):270-278. doi: 10.21037/gs-21-708. Open access peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals. Esophageal motility changes after thyroidectomy; possible associations with postoperative voice and swallowing disorders: preliminary results. In 110 (50.2%) patients, dysphagia was reported only immediately postoperative and disappeared later spontaneously. Dysphagia. Furthermore, we asked the patients only about subjective symptoms of difficulties in swallowing. A quantitative synthesis of the results followed. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Thyroidectomy-related Swallowing Difficulties: Review of the Literature. Your health care provider might also have you swallow solid food or a pill coated with barium to watch the muscles in your throat as you swallow or to look for blockages in your esophagus that the liquid barium solution might not identify. Dysphagia. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Int J Surg 41(Suppl 1):S94S102. DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS: Seek care immediately if: You have sudden tingling or muscle cramps in your face, arm, or leg. The primary outcomes were compression symptoms, including dysphagia, choking/globus sensation, dyspnea, cough, and hoarseness/dysphonia. Notes: The more invasive the operation was, the more patients suffered from dysphagia. FOIA We found that particularly after lymph node dissection and surgical treatment for Graves disease, postoperative dysphagia occurs. Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer: Outpatient Treatment Adverse events in thyroid surgery: observational study in three surgical units with high volume/year. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9628-z, Galluzzi F, Garavello W (2019) Dysphagia following uncomplicated thyroidectomy: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. Postoperative swallowing disorder after thyroid and parathyroid resect Greenblatt et al report a significant improvement in postoperative swallowing using the standardized SWAL-QOL questionnaire, designed to find out how swallowing problems affect quality of life.2 With the same questionnaire, Sabaretnam et al8 reported a significant improvement in quality of life in patients with benign goiters after thyroidectomy and Pinchot et al reported a significant improvement in quality of life in patients with parathyroid disease after thyroidectomy.9. 2019 Feb;129(2):519-524. doi: 10.1002/lary.27297. (2015) Videoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing after thyroidectomy: 7 and 60 days. Do you have difficulty swallowing solids, liquids or both? The nicotine consumption and the subjective postoperative swallowing changes were examined via a questionnaire (Table 1). 2022 Sep;46(9):2212-2222. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06610-0. 2020 Jun;59(Suppl 1):38-49. doi: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.05. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: a systematic - Springer 2022 Jan 4;12:766444. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.766444. World J Surg 38(2):378384. ani-Hadibegovi A, Hergei F, Babi E, Slipac J, Prstai R. Acta Clin Croat. All tests of significance were at the P<0.05 level. Careers. Data were collected from an ongoing clinical trial (NCT02138214), and outpatient interviews were conducted at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. Accessed Sept. 24, 2021. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: What we know and where we are. 2017 May;41 Suppl 1:S94-S102. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Videoendoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing After Thyroidectomy: 7 and 60 Your scar will be most visible for the first 1-2 months after surgery, improve https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10180-5 (Epub ahead of print 2020/09/06), Im I, Jun JP, Crary MA et al (2019) Longitudinal kinematic evaluation of pharyngeal swallowing impairment in thyroidectomy patients. American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Cervical esophageal stenosis secondary to intraoperative esophageal injury during thyroidectomy is much rarer and has not . eCollection 2022. Thyroidectomy (surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland) may be performed for clinical indications that include malignancy, benign nodules or cysts, suspicious findings on fine needle aspiration biopsy, dysphagia from cervical esophageal compression, or dyspnea from airway compression. Laryngoscope. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/dysphagia. The medication helps reduce the size of thyroid tissue. 2018 Apr 1;144(4):342-348. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.3378. Del Rio P, Carcoforo P, Medas F, Bonati E, Loderer T, Koleva Radica M, Cal P. BMC Surg. Ann Surg Oncol. If you have trouble swallowing, be sure to see a health care provider and follow his or her advice. A randomized controlled study. Reasons for dysphagia could be, among others, postoperative scarring, modification in the vascular supply, or damage to tiny branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve going to the cricopharyngeal muscle.6 The extent of the operative intervention seems to affect the probability of postoperative dysphagia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279, 42134227 (2022). Comparison Between Patient-Perceived Voice Changes and Quantitative Voice Measures in the First Postoperative Year After Thyroidectomy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Dysphagia. We did not use a well-validated method or the swallowing quality of life validated outcomes assessment tool.2 Our questionnaire was not validated in the general population or in other studies. A prospective study comparing the trauma of 3 different thyroidectomy surgical approaches. 1992;305(6846):160164. Parathyroid surgery was performed without a routine four-gland exploration. We have included 16 studies of which 15 are prospective and one are retrospective. Patient-Reported Dysphagia After Thyroidectomy: A Qualitative Study 2012 Dec;138(12):1161-6. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.803. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148(6):926932. 8600 Rockville Pike 2005 Jun;29(6):780-4 When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-003-6903-1, Sasaki A, Nakajima J, Ikeda K et al (2008) Endoscopic thyroidectomy by the breast approach: a single institutions 9-year experience. Speech therapy after thyroidectomy Wing-Hei Viola Yu, Che-Wei Wu Abstract Common complaints of patients who have received thyroidectomy include dysphonia (voice dysfunction) and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Literature search: CV. Summarizing, we have shown that patients frequently report postoperative dysphagia after uncomplicated thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, especially after major surgical intervention. Top, Copyright 2023 Dove Press Ltd Further, we analyzed diagnosis and types of therapy to identify possible patients at risk. Therapy might include: Treatment approaches for esophageal dysphagia might include: Medications. Surg Endosc 29(1):192201. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Thyroid Surgery Recovery, Side Effects, and Complications - Verywell Health A systematic review. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Figure 3 Frequency of dysphagia depending on diagnosis. Our results are in line with two other studies, which also reported postoperative swallowing impairment in about 20% of patients after thyroidectomy, and where patients with carcinoma were excluded in both studies.57 Compared with preoperative symptoms, Scerrino et al reported that dysphagia improves in the majority of patients after operative therapy, but swallowing disorders appeared de novo or worsened in 20% of patients.5 However, there are also contradictory results regarding dysphagia after thyroid operations. BMJ. Chen PH, Golub JS, Hapner ER, Johns MM. Start Here. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508683, Ryu JH, Yom CK, Park DJ et al (2014) Prospective randomized controlled trial on the use of flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during total thyroidectomy: effects on postoperative laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Although many studies have investigated voice changes and assessment methods in thyroidectomy patients, few recent studies have investigated speech therapy after thyroidectomy. (Voice Handicap Index) and dysphagia (SWAL-QOL) (questionnaires in their validated . 2022 Sep;279(9):4213-4227. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07386-8. Methods: Go ahead and take a bite of one of those. doi: 10.1177/0194599813487301. Should Contralateral Nodules Be an Indication of Total or Completion Thyroidectomy for Patients With Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma? or diagnosis X vs non-diagnosis X (X stands for benign struma, hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, and Graves disease) were compared. J Laryngol Otol 121(3):242245. Impaired swallowing and neck strangling following uncomplicated operative thyroid or parathyroid resection are frequently complained of by patients.3,4 Intraoperative nerve injury regularly causes postoperative dysphagia, but dysphagia is also complained of after uncomplicated thyroidectomies.2,5 These symptoms are usually dismissed by the clinicians or attributed to orotracheal intubation.6 In many patients, correlations for these swallowing disorders cannot be found in objective test results.6 Reasons for dysphagia and esophageal motility changes after uncomplicated thyroidectomy could be lesions of the perithyroidal neural plexus, changes in the laryngeal vascular supply, postoperative adhesions, decreased pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter, or changed position after thyroidectomy.5 Here, we investigated the incidence of postoperative dysphagia after uncomplicated thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. This involves cutting the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus (sphincter) when it fails to open and release food into the stomach in people who have achalasia. open access to scientific and medical research. bOne patient failed to complete the smoking field. Diagnosis of dysphagia in thyroidectomy patient should begin with clinical evaluation and confirmed by videfluorocsopy or videoendoscopy. Results: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. An official website of the United States government. Cookies After your thyroid cancer treatment ends, your provider may recommend follow-up tests and procedures to look for signs that your cancer has returned. For example, are certain foods harder to swallow than others? Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016294, Greenblatt DY, Sippel R, Leverson G et al (2009) Thyroid resection improves perception of swallowing function in patients with thyroid disease. Cureus. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Triggs J, et al. 2021 Sep 25;21(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12893-021-01353-6. There was . 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece, Chrysoula Vardaxi,Stefanos Triaridis&Athanasia Printza, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, G. The objective of this statement article is to discuss optimal surgical management of goiter. Fass R. Approach to the evaluation of dysphagia in adults. The chi-squared test showed no significant relation between operation and dysphagia (thyroidectomy with/without lymph nodes: chi-squared test=3.2/2.7, subtotal resection/hemithyroidectomy: chi-squared test 0.3/2.1, and parathyroid resection: chi-squared test=3.7). 2019 Feb;129(2):519-524. doi: 10.1002/lary.27297. Contact Us Swallowing dysfunction after thyroid surgery is characterized by . Back to Journals Pragmatic and Observational Research Volume 9, Authors Hillenbrand A, Cammerer G, Dankesreiter L, Lemke J, Henne-Bruns D, Published 16 October 2018 The type of surgical treatment depends on the cause of dysphagia. Intubation is also in discussion as a cause of dysphagia,18,19 but Pereira et al report that, after comparing prevalence of dysphagia in patients after cholecystectomy and thyroidectomy, long-term symptoms are not related to orotracheal intubation.4. The results of this study confirm that patients frequently experience postoperative swallowing changes, even after uncomplicated surgery in the absence of laryngeal nerve injuries. Professor David Price, Andreas Hillenbrand, Gregor Cammerer, Lisa Dankesreiter, Johannes Lemke, Doris Henne-Bruns Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany Introduction: Dysphagia is frequently reported after thyroidectomy. Carrie: That's the absolute worst part right there. You have sudden abdominal pain. Sixteen patients (7.3%) stated that after a maximum of 3 months after surgery they suffered from dysphagia. 2022 May 4;9:882594. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.882594. The site is secure. https://doi.org/10.1258/002221505775010760, Ben Nun A, Soudack M, Best LA (2006) Retrosternal thyroid goiter: 15 years experience. 2008;32(5):693700. The duration of the follow-up ranges from 1 month to 4 years. If you have heartburn or GERD, try eating smaller meals and not eating right before bedtime. Neurological Sciences. One (0.5%) patient stated that up to 3 months postoperatively, swallowing problems had been successfully treated by logopedic therapy. Careers. The most common complications after thyroidectomy are injuries associated with the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland. Of the 26 patients included, 69% were women (n = 18); mean (SD) age, 46.4 (14.1) years; mean (SD) tumor diameter 2.2 (1.4) cm. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Considering the large number of individuals who may experience subjective dysphagia, preoperative counseling should include education and management of such symptoms. Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. Dysphagia reverted to pre-operative levels 23months later. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your dysphagia-related health concerns 2013 Nov;20(12):3869-76 Total Thyroidectomy (Discharge Care) - Drugs.com Improving Voice Outcomes after Thyroid Surgery and Ultrasound-Guided Ablation Procedures. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Before Epub 2014 Jan 24. Further, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is safe and rapid, the dissection is very minimal for the patients unlike other techniques. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097, Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In the group of smokers, 5 out of 24 (20.8%) patients reported dysphagia and 34 out of 194 (17.5%) non-smokers patients reported dysphagia (no significant difference; chi-squared test=0.2). Post-thyroidectomy Dysphagia: An International Multicentric CONSORT Bukvi B, ivaljevi V, ipeti S, Dikli A, Tauanovi K, Paunovi I. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire ThyPRO in thyroid patients in Serbia. We found a significant risk of postoperative dysphagia in patients with Graves disease and carcinoma and a decreased risk for patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism. Copyright 2017 Informa PLC. 2013 Nov;20(12):3869-76. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-3163-7. Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NM, et al. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. Using rigorous qualitative methodology, this study set out to characterize the effect of swallowing-related symptoms after thyroidectomy on patient quality of life and swallowing-related outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2019.01.034, Hashemian M, Khorasani B, Tarameshlu M et al (2019) Effects of dysphagia therapy on swallowing dysfunction after total thyroidectomy. All rights reserved. Disclaimer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1562-8, Burns P, Timon C (2007) Thyroid pathology and the globus symptom: are they related? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(4):342346. I'm a speech pathologist. The instrumental findings revealed non-specific alterations of swallowing. Dysphagia 30(5):496505. 2017;37(5):193199. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x, Higgins JPT AD, Sterne JAC. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Considering long-term follow-up period, 12 studies reported an overall improvement of swallow symptoms. Recent advances in dysphagia management [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]. Some examples are: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy. The authors did not receive any funding or support for the submitted work. This content does not have an Arabic version. One (0.5%) patient stated that up to 3 months postoperatively, swallowing problems had been successfully treated by logopedic therapy (answer d). (PDF) Speech therapy after thyroidectomy - ResearchGate Dysphagia after uncomplicated thyroidectomy can arise early in the postoperative period resolving spontaneously in the first year. government site. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: What we know - ScienceDirect reported a qualitative improvement of swallowing function after thyroidectomy . Surgery might be needed to relieve swallowing problems caused by throat narrowing or blockages, including bony outgrowths, vocal cord paralysis, pharyngoesophageal diverticula, GERD and achalasia, or to treat esophageal cancer. FOIA All the included trials documented postoperative dysphagia, 12 of which have detected it in the early postoperative period. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Thyroidectomy-related Swallowing Difficulties: Review of the Literature. -, Ann Surg Oncol. Dysphagia. Conclusions and relevance: JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. The opinions expressed in all articles published here are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Dove Medical Press Ltd or any of its employees. In addition, choking decreased from 3 % to 2 %, dyspnea decreased from 9 % to 6 %, and cough decreased from 7 % to 5 %. After thyroidectomy, some people may experience neck pain and a hoarse or weak voice. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3163-7, Sinclair CF, Bumpous JM, Haugen BR et al (2016) Laryngeal examination in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: an American Head and Neck Society consensus statement. Dysphagia 30:496-505. Corticosteroids might be recommended for eosinophilic esophagitis. National Library of Medicine Women with GD who are pregnant, nursing, or who have young children at home would benefit from a surgical consultation in an effort to . MeSH Patients and methods: A questionnaire was sent to 372 consecutive patients whose thyroid or parathyroid glands were operated on between May 2013 and October 2014 at Ulm University Hospital. Surg Endosc. American College of Gastroenterology. Of the 936 articles retrieved, 18 discussed "voice assessment and thyroidectomy", 3 discussed "voice therapy and thyroidectomy", and 11 discussed "surgical interventions for voice restoration after thyroidectomy". 2014;38(2):378384. Thyroidectomy is a largely performed procedure [].Dysphonia and dysphagia are common after thyroidectomy and can cause huge impact on the patient's quality of life [2, 3].Voice and swallowing complaints occur between 15 and 90 days after surgery [4-6].Though spontaneous complaints of swallowing are not common, it has been observed that when questioned about this specific aspect, the . This is the camera we're going to use. volume279,pages 42134227 (2022)Cite this article. World J Surg. Speech therapy after thyroidectomy - PubMed An official website of the United States government. Dove Medical Press is a member of the OAI. 2019; doi:10.12688/f1000research.18900.1. Swallowing dysfunction following surgery for well-differentiated JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Do you ever vomit or bring up blood or black material? https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06661-4 (Epub ahead of print 2021/02/18), Park YM, Oh KH, Cho JG et al (2018) Changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms after thyroidectomy: one-year follow-up study. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-4361-7, Lee DY, Lim S, Kang SH et al (2016) A prospective 1-year comparative study of transaxillary total thyroidectomy regarding functional outcomes: is it really promising? https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-2116-0, Kim WW, Jung JH, Lee J et al (2016) Comparison of the quality of life for thyroid cancer survivors who had open versus robotic thyroidectomy. government site. Demographic-, disease-, and treatment-related variables for the study cohort are summarized in Table 2. In this retrospective cohort study, we sent questionnaires to 372 consecutive patients whose thyroid or parathyroid glands were operated on between May 2013 and October 2014 at Ulm University Hospital. Swallowing symptoms after thyroidectomy are underreported in the literature. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 26(8):618624. However the number of parathyroidectomy surgeries is very small (only 33 patients) and results can be influenced by the small number. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021. Sahli Z, Canner JK, Najjar O, Schneider EB, Prescott JD, Russell JO, Tufano RP, Zeiger MA, Mathur A. Laryngoscope. Your health care provider will likely ask you for a description and history of your swallowing difficulties, perform a physical examination, and use various tests to find the cause of your swallowing problem. The type of surgical treatment depends on the cause of dysphagia. 2012;17(10):12711276. Sousa F, Santos M, Azevedo S, Pinto A, Vaz Freitas S, Coutinho M, Almeida E Sousa C, Moreira da Silva . Cureus. Swallowing disorders following thyroidectomy are common, even after surgery without confirmed complications. 2011;396(8):11571163. Laryngoscope 129(2):519524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9375-x, Senise AT QD, Degani C, Correa LAC, Dedivitis RA, Lehn CN, Xavier C, Barros APB. Post-thyroidectomy voice and swallowing disorders and association with laryngopharyngeal reflux: A scoping review. Of 26 patients surveyed, 80% (n = 20) perceived dysphagia 2 weeks after thyroidectomy; 42% (n = 11) at 6 weeks; and 17% (n = 4) at 6 months after total thyroidectomy.

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