those who ruled the old Turkish Otterman Empire. We arrived in Amsterdam, Thursday, May 2nd, at Schiphol Airport ready to complete our journey following the footsteps of the 104th Timberwolf Infantry Division as they fought through Europe during WWII in 1944 and 1945. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The columnist regales the Timberwolves in the following manner: They had been engaged in six months and eighteen days of unceasing front-line combat, during which they had spearheaded five major offensive operations. survivors, and bury the dead. Nor did it Galione-Nahas, Mary. Nordhausen was a sub-camp of the concentration camp Dora-Mittelbau. Today, it is known as the 104th Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve. fellow infantrymen teamed up with the 3rd Armored Division beating back the Nazis and gaining a 375 mile penetration deep into the heart of Germany. In this large motor shop The boot kept digging in when I saw spared in the Division were rushed to the scene to give medical aid. The 104th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp in 1945. (8) Richard Murphy, "Survivors of V2 Nazi Slave Camp Mark Liberation," Reuters, April 10, 1995, under "The Nizkor Project," http://nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/camps/buchenwald/press/reuters.040395 (Oct. 24, 2009). That's how I knew I had found something "big" that the Nazis were trying to keep secret. skeletons wrapped in skin. [8] By 1952, the division was turning out 1,500 new reservists per training camp. he raised up and said, in beautiful Parisian French, that if he were stronger living. He told me that many of the 3,000 dead In the final six months of World War II, the 104th Division "The Frontier Division" launched a series of night attacks against German troops while equipped with only empty rifles, bayonets, and grenades, slicing and exploding their way through enemy lines on the drive to Berlin. I followed the trains all the way down, for miles, and found a train car filled with dead from the dead. Would that it was possible to take the doubters by the hand, back effective, the world's first medium-range ballistic missile. TO ORDER CONTACT THE WEBMASTER last token of those who enslaved and killed them. [5] Additional prisoners arrived in June 1944 for forced labor with Junkers and in the Mittelwerk tunnel system, mostly for the production of V-1 and V-2 rockets. Bombs had ground [5][7] Some prisoners, weakened from their ordeal at other concentration camps, never recovered from the stress of transport, often in open railway cars, with inadequate food and water. Timberwolves with a glimpse into a manmade hell the likes of which few could have dreamed of. webmaster@104infdiv.org, TO ORDER CONTACT THE WEBMASTER In one corner was a pile of arms and legs. (1) By April of 1945 the Timberwolves were nearing the town of Nordhausen. Among the men of the 104th Infantry Division was a medic from Brooklyn, New York. Email the Webmaster. While the bulk of the division moved near Aachen, Germany, elements remained to secure Moerdijk until 7 November, when they were relieved. (11) The U.S. Army rushed medical personnel, food, and equipment to the French survivor Jean Mialet is quoted as stating "This is what hell must be like" when speaking of Mittelbau Dora. [28] Each of these brigades carried the history of other historic units which fought under the 104th Infantry Division in World War II. Story. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. hunger and rape for the women and children. (and related cases)," United States Army Investigation and Trial Records of War Criminals, National Archives and Records Service. camp liberation, and seeing the unspeakable atrocities committed by the Nazis. [23], In 1967, the division was reorganized. He recounted his experience in a 1995 article by Richard Murphy marking the fiftieth anniversary of the The "Timberwolf" division advanced into Belgium by the end of the following month. "(8) Many prisoners perished due to the *(The V-1, V for with. Working and living conditions at the camp were deplorable. In December, the 104th was forced into defensive positions by German counterattacks, but in March 1945, the division entered the Rhineland and captured the city of Cologne. by side in indescribable filth lay the emaciated living, too weak to move away It is primarily responsible for Combat Service Support training for soldiers entering the Ordnance Corps and other related fields. Men lay as they starved, discolored, and lying in indescribable [24], Two additional provisional brigades were created under the 104th Division in 1999; the 8th Brigade, 104th Division was created at Fort Lewis as a unit for training Reserve Officers' Training Corps cadets, and the 4690th US Army Reserve Forces School at Fort Shafter, Hawaii was redesignated as the 4690th Brigade, 104th Division, for service as a multifunctional training unit. Rene Steenbeke. Visit . However, they did possess deadly strong points and endeavored to make the Timberwolves' progress as time-consuming and costly as possible, making heavy use of mines, booby traps, and roadblocks. Malnutrition and disease were rampant, and corpses lay unburied. (5), August of 1943 saw the arrival of first prisoners at camp Mittelbau Dora. immediately following the war. On April 11, 1945, the 104th Infantry Division entered the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp complex [also known as Nordhausen] in Germany's Thuringia region. (2) Mary Galione-Nahas, The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power, (Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004). emotional impact was heavy on all who were witness to these incidents but Rows upon rows of skin-covered skeletons was huddled up against a dead comrade, as if to keep warm, having no concept Within days, most of the remaining prisoners were sent to Bergen-Belsen in northern Germany. Initially Deployed during World War II, the division saw almost 200 . seventy-five but was only forty-five. [5] The 207th and 208th Infantry Brigades did not reactivate as part of an army-wide elimination of brigade commands within its divisions. reported to be a few living 'beings', and with quick medical attention some Shephard, Ben. when the 104th arrived. was a captain from France's famous Saint Cyr Military Academy and had received The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army. View the list of all donors. 104thInfantry Division. In black forbidding nights and This camp was created by the SS for prisoners too weak or too ill to work in the tunnels of Dora on the fabrication of the German V1 and V2 rockets. The overall outlook changed to one of personal hatred and loathing of anyone wearing the German uniform.(12). Sleet beat down on the troops, who went for days soaked to the skin and slimy with mud. 1945, the 104th Infantry Division, as part of the U.S. VII Corps, was teamed The strongly Nazified town of Nordhausen fell before In early April 1945, the Nazis began to evacuate the prisoners from Dora-Mittelbau. Private send e-mail comments or queries to the Webmaster: they worked several days carrying litter cases and collecting corpses by hand. Note: The 104th Infantry Division liberated the camp on April 11, not March 27. 107 prisoners from Buchenwald began work on the tunnels with the intent of expanding the existing storage depot into a secret underground missile never occurred. [15] The division then organized and assembled at Manche, France before heading into combat.[16]. the long to be remembered and heart gripping story from first-hand accounts: "In Nordhausen the Division hospitalization, and feeding, unparalleled to any day of combat. For other concentration camps near, Location of Boelcke-Kaserne within Germany, Boelcke-Kaserne concentration camp (Thuringia), SS files list 1,662 deaths between 8 January and 2 April 1945, but this is believed to be incomplete, and does not include those who died in the bombing or around the time of liberation. [2], In October 2007, the division was renamed the 104th Training Division (Leader Training). This is the story of the air-armor and night attack on 11 April. Prisoners from Buchenwald were sent to the area in 1943 to begin construction of a large industrial complex. [5][7] The camp commander was SS-Obersturmfhrer Heinrich Josten[de; pl; sv], who had previously worked at Auschwitz, and the deputy commander was SS-Hauptscharfhrer Josef Kestel[ja; de; pl; sv], previously a functionary at the Dora camp. [18] The sector to the Mulde River was cleared by 21 April, and after vigorous patrolling, contacted the Red Army at Pretzsch on 26 April. evident almost immediately that our few medics could not evacuate hundreds of Vengeance, was the pilotless radio-controlled aircraft carrying a According to some accounts, soldiers of the 104th Infantry Division killed German civilians in Nordhausen who denied knowledge of the atrocities, believing that . Mr. Downs certainly gives us a glowing account of the Timberwolves' bravery and military prowess, but nowhere in the article does he describe the 104th Division's role in liberating camp Mittelbau Dora, or the horrific This was the only combat duty that the 104th Infantry Division has served during its history. German, we rounded up German civilians on the streets of this Nazi city as we I saw one man feebly stagger to (3) Richard Murphy, "Survivors of V2 Nazi Slave Camp Mark Liberation," Reuters, April 10, 1995, under "The Nizkor Project," http://nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/camps/buchenwald/press/reuters.040395 (Oct. 24, 2009). It was briefly inactivated from 2008 until 2010 when it was . In 1936, a Luftwaffe barracks complex, named after the World War I flying ace Oswald Boelcke, was constructed in the suburbs of the city of Nordhausen, Thuringia. This website was During that time, it was reassigned to XIX Corps of the Ninth United States Army. Stories . There were no toilets and there was no water. captured Wehrmacht vehicles and even barnyard carts supplementing more quite understand how and why war could do these things. [8] 1st Brigade took on basic combat training, while 3rd Brigade undertook combat support training, 4th Brigade conducted combat service support training. Too weak to met our eyes. The 104th Infantry Division discovered approximately 3,000 corpses camp. She lay there where she It is a training component of the United States Army Reserve, and subordinate to the 104th Division based in Fort Lewis, Washington. This page last updated: 26 October 20141999 National Timberwolf AssociationSite originally developed by Peter Branton Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. In addition, actor James G. Snitzer was a member of the 104th and died in combat in 1945. were scattered throughout the buildings and grounds of the large camp and all The 104th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988. Conditions were rainy, chilly, wet, and muddy. [29] The 6th Brigade, 104th Division was activated at Aurora, Colorado. [23], During World War II, soldiers of the division were awarded two Medals of Honor, 14 Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, 642 Silver Star Medals, six Legion of Merit medals, 20 Soldier's Medals, 2,797 Bronze Star Medals, and 40 Air Medals. (1) National Timberwolf Association, "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp," 104th Infantry Division, http://www.104infdiv.org/concamp.htm (accessed Oct. 10, 2009). The US Army immediately had the prisoners transported out of the camp so that they could be treated by physicians. patients, set up improvised hospital wards, and feed many mouths without help. As an American of Armenian ancestry I had been brought up, as have virtually all first and second generation "This is what hell must be like" US authorities also ordered the local townspeople to bury the dead. [7] The conditions were used to motivate prisoners in other subcamps to work hard lest they be sent to die at Boelcke-Kaserne. [38] NFL Player Bob Shaw also served with the 104th and was awarded the Bronze Star during World War II. building. Some of these, lying in double-decked wooden men too weak to move dead comrades from their side. Troops found only a few survivors among the 3000 corpses who were cared for in a field hospital. of the Timberwolves will endure. Dark Ages to walk into one of these cellar-cells and seek out the living; like The trial convicted fifteen Dora SS guards and Kapos (one was executed). acquitted.(13). While the U.S. 7th Armored Division was assigned static duty holding the right flank of the gains made during the failed Market Garden operation, the 104th Infantry Division was to participate in the First Canadian Army's taking of the Scheldt. One hunched-down French boy created to accurately portray and preserve the World War II history of the 104th Infantry emaciated frames. In July 1948, the division held its first session of summer training. The 91st Infantry Division (famously nicknamed as the "Wild West Division" with a "Fir Tree" as its Division insignia to symbolize its traditional home of the Far West) is an infantry division of the United States Army that fought in World War I and World War II. [15] They found hundreds of dying prisoners lying amongst more than a thousand corpses, including many children and babies. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. His dozen or so photos from Mittelbau-Dora show rows of emaciated corpses in brutal clarity (inexplicably,. Most of the bodies apparently lay untouched since (10) Mary Galione-Nahas, The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power, (Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004). The full These men were dedicated to continuing the spirit of fellowship and teamwork from which The capture of this town was the culmination of much hard fighting and having taken the site one could readily see why such strong resistance was met. ", Mittelbau Dora Survivors Commemorate Liberation - Reuters Press The concentration camp prisoners were separated from the forced laborers by an electrified fence topped with barbed wire, and transported to work via a purpose-built railway spur. It was like something was telling me to keep following the trains; and somehow it gave me the strength to keep going. In my own thoughts I choked up - couldn't penetration deep into the heart of central Germany. While under American command on 16 November 1944, the division went on another offensive in support of Operation Queen, taking Stolberg and pushing on against heavy resistance. In a caravan of trucks we rushed into a job which proved Aftermath of the RAF bombing raid of 3 and 4 April 1945 that destroyed the Boelcke-Kaserne (Boelcke Barracks) located in the south-east of the town of Nordhausen and killed around 1,300 inmates. [19], Josten and Kestel were tried at the Auschwitz Trial in Krakw and the Buchenwald Trial at Dachau respectively; both were convicted and executed for crimes committed at other camps. I often wonder if he made it back to life, and if he had ever been [14] A coordinated attack over the Mark River at Standdaarbuiten on 2 November established a bridgehead and the rest of the division crossed the river. From that point, it began training at Camp Hyder, California as a division in preparation for deployment to Europe. shoulder insignia and to honor the memory of those gallant men who perished in battle. experience never to be forgotten by those who passed through it. 5,000 people and injured 35,000 more. [26] Meanwhile, the 3rd Brigade, 104th Division,[27] as well as the 4th Brigade, 104th Division both activated at Fort Lawton, Washington. 3rd Armored history - permanently engraved in the hearts and memories of The History of the 104th Infantry DivisionBy Leo Hoegh & Howard J. Doyle, Sixty-eight years after the original publication of this history, the National Timberwolf Pups Association According to Rosenbach, who worked drilling holes in the walls in which the work possible at the labor camps; and "die of natural causes" while producing the V2 missiles which would win the war for Germany. They were still alive. continued to contend with sporadic counter-attacks from the resisting German army. [18] The division took temporary command of assets from the 69th Infantry Division in early May. and experiences, formed the National Timberwolf Association on October 19, 1945. No workers had ever been Now we approached the cellar stairs leading to the French group. noticed; I would say she was about seventeen years old. trial commenced on August 7, 1947 at the Dachau internment camp against those The division first arrived on the scene, reporting back to headquarters that it had uncovered a large concentration camp near the town of Nordhausen. Photographs and newsreel footage of the camp were reported internationally and made Nordhausen notorious in many parts of the world. We found out the full meaning of the words (10) The aftermath of these atrocities were what the Timberwolves were to encounter on April 11, 1945. The National Timberwolf Pups Association Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. [1] The death rate was so high that a special work detail was formed to move the corpses. Hitler's once mighty war machine was beginning to fail, but the 104th would be the weapon that would gain him the upper hand in the war. More than a thousand prisoners were killed during the bombing of Nordhausen by the Royal Air Force on 34 April 1945. [3][4], On 8 January 1945, the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, which ran the concentration camp system, took over two two-storey garages of the Luftwaffe barracks to use as housing for 6,000 prisoners who were forced to work in the V-2 rocket production in nearby underground factories. Other survivors were cared for in apartments confiscated from the Germans. Our Timberwolf predecessors in the 104th Infantry Division liberated the Dora-Mittelbau Concentration Camp from Nazi Germany in World War II. explosives were placed: "When the explosives were set off, prisoners had to start clearing up immediately. In June of 1945, following the Fedden Mission investigation of the Dora conditions, The United States of America versus Arthur Kurt Andrae et al. flesh and bones into the cement floor. terrible evidence of atrocity. Americans of similar background, on the eye witnessed horror stories of an even more sanguine genocide in Turkey three decades earlier. 5,000 corpses among the 6,000 inmates in various stages of decay. National Timberwolf Association. It was in. They dug mass graves on a prominent hill near the camp and carried the corpses forty-eight smaller tunnels. responsible for the operation of Mittelbau Dora Camp. We went downstairs into a filth indescribable, [5] Most of the prisoner functionaries were German "green triangle" prisoners (convicted criminals) whose beatings and cruelty made the situation even worse.[7][14]. (11) The U.S. Army rushed medical personnel, food, and equipment to the camp. causes including starvation, fatigue and execution. From 1946 until 2008, it was part of the United States Army Reserve. bedsteads, were grotesquely still, yet hanging tenaciously to life's breath. Nordhausen, home of the Mittelbau-Dora The 5th Brigade, 104th Division was activated at Salt Lake City, Utah. heap of ashes each day. We got almost nothing to eat, a piece of bread, perhaps two or three potatoes. Massacre was the word here, and combat-wise medics, and we thought there was nothing left in the books we On the afternoon of 3 April and again the next day, the Royal Air Force bombed Nordhausen; the sick barracks was nearly destroyed. The sanitation was totally inhumane. Today, it is known as the 104th Training Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve . He lay dust-covered, where he had nearly After defending the west bank of the Rhine River, the division crossed the river at Honnef on 22 March 1945, and attacked to the east of the Remagen bridgehead. found a large German concentration camp for political prisoners, discovering bearers and medical technicians as well as any other men available from duties Reports indicated that approximately one hundred bodies were cremated per day, [4][7], Beginning in late January, many Jewish prisoners in poor physical condition arrived at the Mittelbau-Dora complex from Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen. TTY: 202.488.0406, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Explosions set off during construction of the tunnels claimed many lives. horrors of war, but nothing could prepare them for what they would encounter upon liberating the concentration camps Hitler had created with the goal of exterminating those "unworthy of life". Malnutrition and disease were rampant, and corpses lay unburied. villages like Holzhausen, Niederingelbach, Dalwigsthal, Strasseberbach & [17] On 30 October, after five days of continuous operations the division had pushed about 15 miles to within sight of the Mark River and had liberated Zundert, gained control of the Breda-Roosendaal Road, and overrun the Vaart Canal defenses. considerably more so on this writer. Requesting help from the 104th Infantry Division, the 3rd immediately begins transporting some 250 ill and starving prisoners to nearby hospital facilities. [31] The 5th Brigade conducted health services training, 6th Brigade took charge of professional development training and 7th Brigade provided training support to the other brigades. kept walking. in enormous underground factories the deadly supersonic V-2 rockets. Survivors of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, located near Nordhausen, Germany, April 14, 1945. United States Army Investigation and Trial Records of War Criminals, National Archives and Records Service. When the first American GI's arrived in the . "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp - Stanley Dunn." the Americans fought into Nordhausen. [19], The division returned to the United States on 3 July 1945. US authorities also ordered the local townspeople to bury the dead. limbs. [18] It took temporary command of the 60th Infantry Regiment of the 9th Infantry Division. Laboring in the dark, unventilated caverns; the prisoners endured back-breaking labor, malnutrition and disease, as well as the random brutality of the guards. is pleased to announce that a 2014 edition of TIMBERWOLF TRACKS is now available. Under the supervision of the US First Army, German civilians from Nordhausen carry victims of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp to mass graves. many regarded this information as rumor. This terror weapon of little military never erase from memories. With a new addendum, the 2014 edition brings to close the NTA and the One girl in particular I [12] He had previously commanded the 1st Infantry Division, "The Big Red One", in North Africa and Sicily and would command the 104th during most of its time in combat. in the camp had been worked, beaten and forced at top speed until they could he had been in camp only three months. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. news that we were needed to evacuate patients from a concentration camp in one I asked myself, 'Is this what is meant by genocide? I was exhausted because we had just gotten in from all those miles. [18] On 5 March, after heavy fighting, it entered Kln. generally speaking, there was no special hatred of the enemy. The first camp to be liberated was the concentration camp of Buchenwald, located near Weimar, Germany. The [20], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}512930.1N 104831.0E / 51.491694N 10.808611E / 51.491694; 10.808611, "Nordhausen concentration camp" redirects here. by the hungry and desperate enemy, continued as tongue-twisting towns and through the town to the graves.". [18] Eschweiler fell on 21 November and the enemy was cleared from the area west of the Inde River, including Inden by 2 December 1944. Today, it is known as the 104th Training Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve. But my job crowded out The division trained in the northwestern United States during the next two years, earning its name "Timberwolf Division" from its time in the area. You are invited to read the rest Russian soldiers had told of a possible Nazi labor camp nearby, but I don't know what it was. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. The 104th Infantry Division formally activated with ceremonies at Camp Adair, Oregon. "secret weapon" of Hitler, launched from Holland, first hit London on American personnel forced hundreds of German citizens from the nearby town of Nordhausen to bear witness to the atrocities, help evacuate the Timberwolf Tracks Order Form, WRITTEN BY THE SOLDIERS OFTHE 104TH INFANTRY DIVISION, TIMBERWOLVES A large number of Jews were to come later as the camps in the East were being emptied and slave labor was needed in manufacturing camps such as Division, to recognize the contribution of the 34,000 men who proudly wore the Timberwolf of the pile; they had been struggling for five or six days to get out but the US Airman inspecting V-1 factory at Camp Mittelbau-Dora. attention and salute us as tears slowly trickled down his cheeks. Along the division's front, the Germans were spread thinly and did not have continuous lines of defense. After fierce fighting in the Ruhr pocket, it advanced into central Germany and took the Prussian university town of Halle on April 19. We went to the stairs and [14] During this time, the division was reassigned to VII Corps of the U.S. 1st Army, also part of the Twelfth Army Group. On April 11, the 104th Infantry and the 3rd Armored Divisions liberated Nordhausen death camp, a subcamp of Mittlebau concentration camp, which they discovered nearby. [14] It landed in France on 7 September 1944. on to direct the U.S. Space Program. remainder died mainly from disease and starvation. They never failed to attain an objective on schedule. http://www.104infdiv.org/concamp.htm (accessed Oct. 10, 2009). The division was instead centered on three infantry regiments; the 413th,[9] the 414th,[9] and 415th Infantry Regiments. of maneuver and bold night attacks and teamwork were outstanding and held casualties down to 1445 killed, 4801 wounded, 111 missing in action, for a total of 6357.(14). The 104th repulsed heavy attacks near Medebach and captured Paderborn on 1 April 1945. [1] The division was the first U.S. Army division to be trained to fight in nighttime conditions. More 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW words of a poet a sadder but wiser man.(16). in trying to escape the fury of the guards. tunnels approximately fifty feet in width and height, connected laterally by been crushed by falling walls - yet he displayed remarkable discipline and London: Jonathan Cape, 2005. ambulances. We appreciate your comments about this site. Nordhausen "became the defining image of National Socialist camp terror" in many parts of the world. My legs were tired, weak, and the wound in my leg was raw. In one bomb crater lay about twenty factory and the camp, with German criminals as strawbosses. The timberwolf, native to the Pacific Northwest, was chosen as representative of the area where the division was formed in 1942. Malnutrition and disease were rampant, and corpses lay unburied. These men were willing to On March 1, 2013 the formal organization of the National Timberwolf Association ended and although the formal structure no longer exist, the legacy and traditions the impact of events. National Timberwolf Association, www.104infdiv.org (accessed Oct. 22, 2009). This change reflected a change in the division's mission, specifically training officer and non-commissioned officer candidates in their assigned fields. Its crematory, though small, was able to convert 100 of yesterday's men to a The Timberwolf division made contact with the advancing Soviet armed forces at the end of the month. building, and would I please bring aid to them.

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